Sentence Parts: Subject

Understanding the Subject

Definition:

• The subject is the noun, pronoun, or phrase that acts as the focus of the sentence or performs the action described by the verb.
• Example: “The cat chased the mouse.”

Position in a Sentence:

• In most English sentences, the subject precedes the verb.
• In questions or inverted structures, the subject can follow the verb.
• Example: “Where is the book?”

Types of Subjects

1. Simple Subject:

• The simple subject includes only the main noun or pronoun performing the action.
• Example: “Alice loves gardening.”
Additional Examples:
• The sun sets in the west.
• Tom runs every evening.
• Books can change perspectives.

2. Compound Subject:

• A compound subject consists of two or more nouns or pronouns joined by a coordinating conjunction (e.g., “and,” “or”).
• Example: “Sara and Jack baked cookies.”
Additional Examples:
• Dogs and cats are popular pets.
• John, Mary, and David attended the seminar.
• Tea or coffee is available during the break.

3. Implied Subject:

• In imperative sentences, the subject is implied and understood to be “you.”
• Example: “Close the door.”
Additional Examples:
• Take a deep breath.
• Enjoy your meal.
• Follow the instructions carefully.

4. Gerund Subject:

• A gerund (verb ending in “-ing” used as a noun) can serve as the subject of a sentence.
• Example: “Running helps reduce stress.”
Additional Examples:
• Reading broadens the mind.
• Cooking is her passion.
• Traveling gives you new experiences.

Subject-Verb Agreement

• The subject and verb must agree in number: singular subjects take singular verbs, and plural subjects take plural verbs.
• Example: “The child plays in the garden” (singular subject) versus “The children play in the garden” (plural subject).
Additional Examples:
• The team wins every match.
• These books are fascinating.
• Each player has a unique strategy.

How to Identify the Subject

• Ask, “Who or what is performing the action?” or “Who or what is the sentence about?”
• Example: In “The dog barks loudly,” the subject is “The dog.”
Additional Examples:
• “The chef prepared a gourmet meal.” (Subject: The chef)
• “Rain is expected tomorrow.” (Subject: Rain)
• “The lights flickered during the storm.” (Subject: The lights)