Hyphenated noun compounds definition, usages and examples

Hyphenated compound nouns connect two or more words with hyphens to form a single, unified term. These compounds are distinct from closed compounds (written as one word) and open compounds (written as separate words). Hyphenated compound nouns clarify relationships between words and enhance precision in communication.

1. Types and Formation

Hyphenated compound nouns are formed by linking words with hyphens (-) to create a term that functions as a single noun. The hyphen signals that the words work together as a unit.

Examples:

• Editor-in-chief: Combines “editor” (a person who oversees content) and “in-chief” (indicating a leading role).
• Father-in-law: Combines “father” (a parent) and “in-law” (a relationship by marriage).
• State-of-the-art: Links words to describe something highly advanced or modern.
• Additional Examples: dining table, concert hall, mountain trail, river crossing, power supply.

2. Structure and Semantic Relationship

Hyphenated compounds convey specific meanings based on the relationship between the words. The structure can vary:

• Noun + Noun: The first noun modifies or describes the second noun.
  Examples: Coffee-table: A table specifically used for placing coffee; Editor-in-chief: A person in charge of editing.
• Adjective + Noun: The adjective provides additional information about the noun.
  Examples: High-school: A school offering education beyond elementary levels; State-of-the-art: Describes something highly modern or advanced.
• Verb + Noun: The verb functions as a modifier for the noun.
  Example: Make-up: Cosmetics applied to enhance appearance.

3. Plural Formation

For hyphenated compound nouns, the plural is generally formed by adding the plural marker to the primary word or the noun part of the compound.

Examples: train stations, garden benches, dining tables, well-beings, sisters-in-law, high-schools.

4. Stress and Pronunciation

In hyphenated compounds, the stress is usually placed on the first syllable of the compound.

Examples: WELL-being, SISter-in-law, HIGH-school.

Hyphenated noun compounds are widely used in various domains to create specific and descriptive terms. Understanding their structure and meaning enables precise and effective communication.

Hyphenated compounds bring clarity and precision, bridging words into cohesive expressions.