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In both the IELTS academic and general exams, the writing module allocates 25% of the score to a crucial criterion known as “Coherence and Cohesion.” Achieving a good score in this area is essential, alongside other criteria such as task achievement, grammatical range, and lexical resources. But what do coherence and cohesion actually mean in the context of IELTS writing?
What is Coherence?
Coherence refers to the overall connection of ideas throughout your essay. It ensures that your thoughts are logically organized into clear paragraphs, making it easy for the reader to follow your argument. Each paragraph should express a single idea, introduced by a topic sentence that summarizes the main point. The rest of the paragraph provides supporting details, explanations, or examples.
Tip: Spend a few minutes planning your essay before you start writing to enhance coherence.
Example of Coherent Structure
Consider the following structure for an essay on renewable energy:
- Introduction: Paraphrase the question and state your opinion.
- Body Paragraph 1: Present arguments supporting renewable energy with relevant examples.
- Body Paragraph 2: Discuss counterarguments or challenges with suitable examples.
- Conclusion: Restate your opinion and summarize key points.
What is Cohesion?
Cohesion involves using cohesive devices—words and phrases that link ideas within sentences and across paragraphs. These devices help clarify relationships between your ideas, contributing to a smoother reading experience. However, it’s important to use them judiciously; overusing cohesive devices can confuse or irritate the reader.
Cohesive Devices to Enhance Your Writing
Here are some effective cohesive devices categorized by their function:
- Sequencing: Firstly, Secondly, Finally
- Contrasting: On the other hand, However, Although
- Giving Opinions: In my view, I believe that
- Summing Up: In conclusion, To summarize
- Providing Examples: For instance, To illustrate
- Explaining Results: Consequently, As a result
- Additions: Moreover, Furthermore
Avoiding repetition is also key; use synonyms or varying sentence structures to keep your writing engaging.
Understanding coherence and cohesion with the help of an essay
The following Task 2 essay focuses on the topic of public transportation. It is structured into five logical paragraphs, providing a clear illustration of coherence. Each paragraph conveys a specific point, making it easy for the reader to understand the writer’s arguments.
In recent years, the importance of efficient public transportation systems has gained significant attention. I believe that investing in public transport is essential for urban development and environmental sustainability. Below, I will outline several key benefits.
Firstly, I would argue that effective public transportation reduces traffic congestion in cities. With more people using buses and trains instead of private vehicles, there are fewer cars on the road. This not only eases traffic flow but also decreases air pollution, contributing to a healthier urban environment.
Secondly, public transportation provides an affordable alternative for many individuals. For those who cannot afford personal vehicles, reliable public transport options can ensure access to jobs, education, and essential services. This inclusivity promotes social equity and helps bridge economic gaps within communities.
Finally, investing in public transport systems fosters economic growth. Improved transit options can stimulate local businesses by increasing foot traffic and attracting customers from surrounding areas. Moreover, efficient transportation networks can create jobs in construction, maintenance, and operation.
In this example, cohesive devices are used effectively throughout the essay:
- Firstly, Secondly, Finally (sequencing)
- For example, Moreover (adding information)
- This not only… but also… (contrasting)
- I believe that, I would argue that (giving opinions)
This structure demonstrates how coherence and cohesion work together to present a well-organized argument.
Final Tips for IELTS Writing Success
To excel in coherence and cohesion during your IELTS writing test:
- Plan your essay: Organizing your thoughts beforehand can significantly improve clarity.
- Diverse linking words: Use a variety of cohesive devices appropriately without overusing them.
- Edit for clarity: Review your work to ensure each idea flows logically into the next.
This approach will help you achieve a higher band score in your IELTS writing module!
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